Surgical patient safety program lowers SSIs by one-third following colorectal operations

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Contact: Sally Garneski
pressinquiry@facs.org
312-202-5409
American College of Surgeons

Study reports that a combined approach reduces surgical site infection rates in a high-risk patient population

Chicago(July 30, 2012): A surgical patient safety program that combines three componentsaccurate outcome measurement, support of hospital leadership, and engaged frontline providersreduces surgical site infections (SSIs) by 33 percent in patients who undergo colorectal procedures, according to a new study published in the August issue of the Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

SSIs are the most common complication for this high-risk population, occurring in 15 to 30 percent of patients after colorectal operations, according to the study authors. "Colorectal surgical site infections have been tough to prevent. This is a first step to understanding a strategy for prevention. Wound infections are an important risk factor for hospital readmission, increased length-of-stay, and reoperations," said lead study author Elizabeth Wick, MD, FACS, a colorectal surgeon at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and assistant professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore.

The Johns Hopkins Hospital participates in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP). ACS NSQIP is the leading nationally validated, risk-adjusted, outcomes-based program to measure and improve the quality of surgical care in private sector hospitals. While participating in a pilot program of ACS NSQIP called "Procedure Targeted Module," which monitored outcomes in all patients undergoing colorectal surgery," the colorectal operating team at Johns Hopkins discovered that they had a very high colorectal wound infection rate, approximately 30 percent.

To address the problem, Dr. Wick and her colleagues decided to apply the comprehensive unit-based safety program, known as CUSP, to colorectal wound infections. The five-step quality improvement strategy was designed to bring about patient safety improvements through an interdisciplinary team approach focusing on frontline providers with the goal of changing the unit's workplace culture.

"The CUSP program is unique because it focuses on the frontline providersthe nurses and the medical techs taking care of the patients day to dayand it gives them the power to identify and fix defects in the operating room. A key component of the program is a hospital executive is part of the team to help overcome barriers and reiterate the importance of the work," Dr. Wick said.

For the study, the CUSP team identified four defects in their surgical care: antibiotic selection and dosing, skin preparation, maintenance of normal body temperature, and intra-operative sterile technique. All defects surfaced from querying frontline providers.

Further, to evaluate the association between the CUSP intervention and postoperative SSIs, the researchers studied patients undergoing colorectal operations over a two-year period. They used one year of pre- and post-CUSP intervention SSI rates from the ACS Procedure Targeted Module, which collects outcomes data on high-risk procedures such as colectomies (surgical excision of the colon) and proctectomies (surgical excision of the rectum).

The study included 278 colorectal surgery patients in the 12-month preintervention period and 324 patients in the 12-month postintervention period. Patient risk factors were similar in both groups. In one year, researchers found that the overall SSI rate fell from 27.3 percent to 18.2 percent, a notable reduction of 33 percent in this high-risk patient population.

"Changes evolved over one year it was not a bundle, it didn't happen all at once. Therefore, it's hard to figure out what specifically led to our wound infection reduction. But interestingly, as soon as we got this team together and engaged, our wound infection rate dropped," Dr. Wick observed. Based upon the post-CUSP implementation SSI rate, the study authors estimate that 28 infections were prevented during the study period, and that the CUSP intervention resulted in a cost savings of up to a $280,000 at the institution in one year.

"This project would not have been possible without ACS NSQIP. It gives feedback, which motivated the team to realize that this was a correctable problem and that played a role in improving patient outcomes," Dr. Wick said. "We had a clear metric and reliable data, which allowed for tangible improvements in patient safety."

The study authors speculate that widespread application of the CUSP intervention may reduce the number of SSIs by 170,000 per year, saving up to $170 million each year.

Based on these results and the successful implementation of CUSP to reduce healthcare associ-ated infections in the OR, the researchers currently have Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality funding to reduce SSIs, and other major surgical complications, through a national implementation of a surgical-based CUSP program.

"This work is extremely important because it demonstrates it is possible to engage a team of frontline providers to solve a very difficult and common problem in surgery," said Clifford Y. Ko, MD, FACS, Director, Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons. "The CUSP technique has achieved extremely noteworthy results in and out of surgeryboth in improving clinical issues as well as culture. We are very excited to be involved in this partnership with the John Hopkins group to advance surgical care and outcomes."

###

About the American College of Surgeons

The American College of Surgeons is a scientific and educational organization of surgeons that was founded in 1913 to raise the standards of surgical practice and to improve the care of the surgical patient. The College is dedicated to the ethical and competent practice of surgery. Its achievements have significantly influenced the course of scientific surgery in America and have established it as an important advocate for all surgical patients. The College has more than 78,000 members and is the largest organization of surgeons in the world. For more information, visit www.facs.org (.)

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Sally Garneski
pressinquiry@facs.org
312-202-5409
American College of Surgeons

Study reports that a combined approach reduces surgical site infection rates in a high-risk patient population

Chicago(July 30, 2012): A surgical patient safety program that combines three componentsaccurate outcome measurement, support of hospital leadership, and engaged frontline providersreduces surgical site infections (SSIs) by 33 percent in patients who undergo colorectal procedures, according to a new study published in the August issue of the Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

SSIs are the most common complication for this high-risk population, occurring in 15 to 30 percent of patients after colorectal operations, according to the study authors. "Colorectal surgical site infections have been tough to prevent. This is a first step to understanding a strategy for prevention. Wound infections are an important risk factor for hospital readmission, increased length-of-stay, and reoperations," said lead study author Elizabeth Wick, MD, FACS, a colorectal surgeon at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, and assistant professor of surgery at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore.

The Johns Hopkins Hospital participates in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP). ACS NSQIP is the leading nationally validated, risk-adjusted, outcomes-based program to measure and improve the quality of surgical care in private sector hospitals. While participating in a pilot program of ACS NSQIP called "Procedure Targeted Module," which monitored outcomes in all patients undergoing colorectal surgery," the colorectal operating team at Johns Hopkins discovered that they had a very high colorectal wound infection rate, approximately 30 percent.

To address the problem, Dr. Wick and her colleagues decided to apply the comprehensive unit-based safety program, known as CUSP, to colorectal wound infections. The five-step quality improvement strategy was designed to bring about patient safety improvements through an interdisciplinary team approach focusing on frontline providers with the goal of changing the unit's workplace culture.

"The CUSP program is unique because it focuses on the frontline providersthe nurses and the medical techs taking care of the patients day to dayand it gives them the power to identify and fix defects in the operating room. A key component of the program is a hospital executive is part of the team to help overcome barriers and reiterate the importance of the work," Dr. Wick said.

For the study, the CUSP team identified four defects in their surgical care: antibiotic selection and dosing, skin preparation, maintenance of normal body temperature, and intra-operative sterile technique. All defects surfaced from querying frontline providers.

Further, to evaluate the association between the CUSP intervention and postoperative SSIs, the researchers studied patients undergoing colorectal operations over a two-year period. They used one year of pre- and post-CUSP intervention SSI rates from the ACS Procedure Targeted Module, which collects outcomes data on high-risk procedures such as colectomies (surgical excision of the colon) and proctectomies (surgical excision of the rectum).

The study included 278 colorectal surgery patients in the 12-month preintervention period and 324 patients in the 12-month postintervention period. Patient risk factors were similar in both groups. In one year, researchers found that the overall SSI rate fell from 27.3 percent to 18.2 percent, a notable reduction of 33 percent in this high-risk patient population.

"Changes evolved over one year it was not a bundle, it didn't happen all at once. Therefore, it's hard to figure out what specifically led to our wound infection reduction. But interestingly, as soon as we got this team together and engaged, our wound infection rate dropped," Dr. Wick observed. Based upon the post-CUSP implementation SSI rate, the study authors estimate that 28 infections were prevented during the study period, and that the CUSP intervention resulted in a cost savings of up to a $280,000 at the institution in one year.

"This project would not have been possible without ACS NSQIP. It gives feedback, which motivated the team to realize that this was a correctable problem and that played a role in improving patient outcomes," Dr. Wick said. "We had a clear metric and reliable data, which allowed for tangible improvements in patient safety."

The study authors speculate that widespread application of the CUSP intervention may reduce the number of SSIs by 170,000 per year, saving up to $170 million each year.

Based on these results and the successful implementation of CUSP to reduce healthcare associ-ated infections in the OR, the researchers currently have Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality funding to reduce SSIs, and other major surgical complications, through a national implementation of a surgical-based CUSP program.

"This work is extremely important because it demonstrates it is possible to engage a team of frontline providers to solve a very difficult and common problem in surgery," said Clifford Y. Ko, MD, FACS, Director, Division of Research and Optimal Patient Care, American College of Surgeons. "The CUSP technique has achieved extremely noteworthy results in and out of surgeryboth in improving clinical issues as well as culture. We are very excited to be involved in this partnership with the John Hopkins group to advance surgical care and outcomes."

###

About the American College of Surgeons

The American College of Surgeons is a scientific and educational organization of surgeons that was founded in 1913 to raise the standards of surgical practice and to improve the care of the surgical patient. The College is dedicated to the ethical and competent practice of surgery. Its achievements have significantly influenced the course of scientific surgery in America and have established it as an important advocate for all surgical patients. The College has more than 78,000 members and is the largest organization of surgeons in the world. For more information, visit www.facs.org (.)

---

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?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-07/acos-sps072612.php

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US audit: $200M wasted on Iraqi police training

BAGHDAD (AP) ? U.S. auditors have concluded that more than $200 million was wasted on a program to train Iraqi police that Baghdad says is neither needed nor wanted.

The Police Development Program? which was drawn up to be the single largest State Department program in the world ? was envisioned as a five-year, multibillion-dollar push to train security forces after the U.S. military left last December. But Iraqi political leaders, anxious to keep their distance from the Americans, were unenthusiastic.

A report by the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction, released Monday, found that the American Embassy in Baghdad never got a written commitment from Iraq to participate. Now, facing what the report called Baghdad's "disinterest" in the project, the embassy is gutting what was supposed to be the centerpiece of ongoing U.S. training efforts in Iraq.

According to the report, the embassy plans to turn over the $108 million Baghdad Police College Annex to Iraqis by the end of the year and will stop training at a $98 million site at the U.S. consulate in the southern city of Basra. Additionally, the number of advisers has been cut by nearly 90 percent ? from 350 to 36.

"A major lesson learned from Iraq is that host country buy-in to proposed programs is essential to the long-term success of relief and reconstruction activities. The PDP experience powerfully underscores that point," auditors wrote in a 41-page summary of their inspection. An advance copy was provided to The Associated Press.

Auditors noted that it "has clearly been difficult" for American diplomats to secure a solid commitment from Iraq's government to participate in the training program. Still, the report concluded, "the decision to embark on a major program absent Iraqi buy-in has been costly" and resulted in "a de facto waste."

The findings call into question funding needs at the largest U.S. embassy in the world, as the Obama administration prepares its new spending plan for the 2013 fiscal year that begins Oct 1. While auditors said it's unknown how much the embassy in Baghdad is requesting, additional money for the police program "may not be needed."

Despite years and billions of dollars of training, Iraq's police force remains a vulnerable target for militants. On Sunday, seven police were killed and nine more wounded in bombings and shootings near the former al-Qaida stronghold of Fallujah, about 64 kilometers (40 miles) west of Baghdad. It appeared to be the latest strike by the Sunni insurgency as it seeks to reclaim areas where U.S. troops ousted them.

In a July 26 letter responding to a draft of the report, acting Assistant Secretary of State Carol Z. Perez said the embassy will need an unspecified amount of additional funding this year to continue training Iraqi police into 2013. She disputed the finding that the funds have been wasted, noting Iraqis will continue to use the Baghdad Police College Annex for training.

Moreover, Perez said, the embassy has been assured by Principal Deputy Interior Minister Adnan al-Asadi that Iraq is committed to a streamlined version of the training program. U.S. diplomats will continue working with top security officials, she said, "to ensure that our police assistance efforts meet mutual goals and objectives and to sustain senior-level Iraqi commitment to the program."

The auditors, however, said those assurances fall far short of a written commitment, and quoted al-Asadi as telling U.S. inspectors that the police training program is "useless."

Al-Asadi "also indicated that Iraqi police officers had expressed their opinion that the training received to date was not beneficial," the audit said.

Al-Asadi could not immediately be reached for comment Sunday and his spokesman declined to discuss the report. But a key member of parliament's security oversight committee said that U.S. training programs are no longer needed by Iraqi police.

"The Iraqi federal police went through many training courses, in many fields, and that resulted in having many experts and specialist academies," Shiite lawmaker Hakim al-Zamili said. "At this point, we don't need the American expertise, because of the expertise we have now."

Auditors said the U.S. has spent about $8 billion to train and equip Iraqi police since the 2003 U.S.-led invasion. At that time, there were about 58,000 police in Iraq. The report said that number had grown to 412,000 by 2010. Other estimates put the size of Iraq's federal, local and border police force at 650,000.

The training was led by the American military until last October, just six weeks before U.S. troops left Iraq for good. The embassy took over the program, but with what Monday's report described as "mixed results."

Iraq's self-rule northern Kurdish region has embraced the program and, as a result, half of the remaining 36 U.S. advisers assigned to police training will be based in the Kurdish capital of Irbil, 350 kilometers (215 miles) north of Baghdad.

But restive politics in the central government, whose factions are reluctant to be seen as dependent on American help, have prompted officials to keep the U.S. trainers at arms' length. Some Iraqi officers have been told to skip the police training sessions, the audit said, citing one who blamed "lukewarm relations between the Americans and Iraqis (that) has created some distance between them."

Stephanie Sanok, who was at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad from 2009 to 2010 and is an expert at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, called the police training program "doomed from the beginning" because American officials never made sure Iraqis supported it.

"The U.S. government has a tendency to go ahead with programs that it has decreed are in the host country's best interests," Sanok said. "This was such an expensive program, and there was plenty of time to get the Iraqi government to help shape it in such a way that they could eventually take it over. But we never got that buy-in."

___

The U.S. Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction report is at: http://www.sigir.mil/files/audits/12-020.pdf(hash)view=fit Follow Lara Jakes on Twitter at www.twitter.com/larajakesAP

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/us-audit-200m-wasted-iraqi-police-training-043517654.html

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HookedGamers: 'Silent Hill: Revelations 3D' gets a trailer, film looks 'meh' - News: Sony Pictures have rele... http://t.co/EBgymAgX

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

Source: http://twitter.com/HookedGamers/statuses/229659535168663553

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Weighty Matters: Weight is Food. Health is Fitness.

A fascinating albeit small study out of PLoS ONE adds to my personal confirmation bias that the driving force behind societal weight gain isn't a decrease in burnt calories, but rather an increase in consumed ones.

Now to date we've seen doubly labeled water studies (our current gold standard in measuring total daily caloric expenditures) which have demonstrated that we're not burning any fewer calories now than we did in the early 1980s, and that we city folks living in North American luxury burn just as many daily calories as folks living in developing nations.

Here the authors took things one step further back into human history and using doubly labeled water they measured the energy expenditure of 30 Hadza foragers - a hunger gatherer society that live in a savannah-woodland area in Tanzania (that's a few Hadza up above).

According to the authors,

"the Hadza hunt and gather on foot with bows, small axes, and digging sticks, without the aid of modern tools or equipment"

The authors hypothesized that if a lack of physical activity were responsible for the rapid rise in global obesity, that the Hadza's lifestyles ought to burn a great many more calories than ours.

Not surprisingly the Hadza were found to be highly physically active and quite lean (their average BMI was reported as roughly 20). But what about their daily burns? ?The authors found that energy expenditure among both Hadza men and women did not differ from those of men and women living in our modern day utopia.

The authors report too that their multivariate analyses confirm that the lack of difference is independent of weight (meaning that the increased calories associated with simply carrying heavier weights here in North America don't account for the equivalency of findings) and body composition differences (lean and fat mass).

Interestingly too the authors did not find any correlation between total daily Hadza walking and their total energy expenditures meaning that regardless of how many kilometres they walked daily, they burned roughly the same number of calories.

All of these findings led the authors to hypothesize,

"that TEE may be a relatively stable, constrained physiological trait for the human species, more a product of our common genetic inheritance than our diverse lifestyles"

Translation?

We haven't slowed down at all over the course of these past 50 years and perhaps not since the?Pleistocene?era which lasted from roughly 2.5 million to 11,700 years ago.

Further translation?

If we haven't slowed down in 11,700 years and yet our weights have risen dramatically the only other possibility, and it's the one I subscribe to, is that we're eating a lot more than we used to.

But please don't read this piece and think that exercise isn't important. Instead read it and recognize that while your weight may be primarily determined by what you eat, there's likely nothing more beneficial to your health than regular exercise. The gym may not make you slim, but study after study after study reports that it will keep you living longer, and living better - and those outcomes are far more important to your quality and quantity of life than what your stupid scale might tell you in the morning.

Source: http://www.weightymatters.ca/2012/07/weight-is-food-health-is-fitness.html

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Senior N.Korea leader to visit Vietnam, Laos

North Korea's ceremonial head of state Kim Yong-Nam is to visit Laos and Vietnam, Pyongyang's official news agency said on Monday.

Kim "will soon pay official goodwill visits" to the two countries, the agency said in a brief report which gave no dates.

Analysts quoted by South Korea's Yonhap news agency said the North may seek to strengthen diplomatic ties and expand economic cooperation with the two fellow socialist nations.

A Lao government economic delegation headed home Friday from Pyongyang, while a foreign affairs delegation from Vietnam visited the city earlier this month.

Kim, North Korea's parliamentary chief, acts as ceremonial head of state because late leader Kim Il-Sung has been declared the "eternal president". He visited Singapore and Indonesia in May.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/senior-n-korea-leader-visit-vietnam-laos-025642578.html

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17-year-old builds neural network capable of detecting breast cancer

Every year Google holds on online science fair competition that is open to anybody between 13 and 18 years of age. It?s in this competition we get to see the bright minds of tomorrow, people who will no doubt go on to do amazing things with their lives. Once such person is 17-year-old Brittany Wenger. Her idea was to develop a global neural network based in the cloud that can help doctors diagnose breast cancer.

Artificial neural networks (ANN?s) are a way for computer scientists to model a brain, but in some ways they are more powerful. An ANN can see patterns in data that no human can, thus they can be more accurate and the more training data a neural network is given, the more accurate they can be. Brittany?s idea came from to goal of making breast cancer biopsies to be less invasive. Fine needle aspirates are the least invasive biopsy procedure, but doctors often need to perform more invasive procedures in order to be certain.

By looking at nine different input features and comparing them to the training examples, Brittany?s cloud-based neural network can detect malignant breast tumors with an accuracy of 99.11%, which is incredible. Because her neural network is deployed in the cloud using Google?s app engine it means it can be accessed from?existing?medical systems as well as through a web browser or mobile apps.

Brittany took the Grand Prize at the Google Science Fair which consisted of $50,000 for a scholarship, a trip to the Galapagos islands, and an internship with one of the fair?s sponsors. She?s also hoping that her program can be put to use in actual hospitals soon and that it can be extended to other forms of cancer.

I took a look through Brittany?s presentation slides and was astonished at her level of intelligence. Having just completed a degree in software engineering I still don?t understand neural networks enough to even replicate what she?s done. I can only dream of contributing something to the world as helpful as this, but it?s?definitely?an inspiration to go further and try to achieve it.

Google Science Fair, via NBC News

Source: http://www.geek.com/articles/geek-cetera/17-year-old-builds-neural-network-capable-of-detecting-breast-cancer-20120726/

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Oisc Business Blog | Experts Weigh In On The Future Of Mobile Money

For many years now, the methods that people use to make payments have been pretty much the same. You could pay with cash, check, or card. While those options are definitely still available, some new contenders have emerged thanks to technology. Mobile money options are becoming more common and they are poised to grow even more popular in the future.

A growth industry?

In fact, PayPal believes that the wallet is going to be obsolete by the year 2015. Because of their belief, they invested $240 million into mobile payment provider Zong. Google predicts that by 2014, half of all cell phones will have near field communication or NFC technology. This will completely change the way that many people make payments over the long-term.

Many experts believe that the total amount of mobile payments is scheduled to grow exponentially over the coming years. For example, they believe that the total volume of mobile money transactions is expected to exceed $670 billion by 2015. That?s a big jump from where the market currently is now.

Opening the digital wallet?

So how will this affect you on a daily basis? Regular payroll services will automatically deposit money into your bank account from work. Once the payroll service has deposited money into your account, you?ll have the ability to immediately start spending the money without a credit card, debit card or checkbook. All you?ll need is your smartphone. You go into a store, find something that you want to buy, and then simply put your cell phone close to the cash register when you?re ready to check out. At that point, you?ll be ready to go, as the charge is automatically attached to your bank account through the NFC communication in your cell phone.

In many cases, users will use a digital wallet instead of a regular one. With a digital wallet, all of the cards and personal information that you need in your regular wallet will be stored digitally. For example, reward cards from different merchants will be stored electronically. Your debit card information will be stored electronically as well. There will be extensive security measures in place to keep other people from using your digital wallet or your smartphone to make purchases.

There are a lot of different contenders out there who are scrambling to make the mobile payment industry grow. Some of the biggest names in the industry are Google Wallet, Visa Wallet, ISIS, and Serve by American Express. All of these companies are hoping to be the go-to mobile payment solution for customers who want to make purchases while on the go.

The future for business?

For businesses it is safe to say there will soon come a time to adopt these new payment methods. Many financial experts have for sometime predicted the end of cold hard cash transactions and whilst card payments have been the preferred option for most consumers for a long time now, they are often only practical where the transaction is over a certain amount (often dictated by the vendor according to bank and processing fees they need to pay). Digital or mobile money may in time become the preferred choice for all transactions, but much will depend on businesses wanting to adopt the technology, needing to adopt it and the cost of providing such a service.

Security fears have already been raised over the use of smartphone payments in particular because personal financial data is stored both virtually and on the user?s phone, leaving it potentially open to hackers. Another issue surrounds the availability of the technology to store owners, particularly those in bricks and mortar buildings. At present adoption of mobile payment systems will depend on who the store bank with or whoever provides their current payment systems.

In the future, there?s really no way of knowing just how popular these mobile payment solutions will be. However, with the level of convenience that they provide, there?s a good chance that many people will adopt these payment methods quickly. When that happens, it will completely change the way many customers do business on a daily basis. If you are interested in using mobile payment technology, it is surely coming up just around the corner.

Bio:
Article written by Georgina Clatworthy who is proactive in internet marketing and writes regularly on marketing, communications and business. She is currently a contributing writer for the experts at outsourcing service provider, Payweb through whom business of all sizes can outsource key administrative and financial tasks.

Source: http://www.oisc.org.uk/experts-weigh-in-on-the-future-of-mobile-money/

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Find a Real Estate Agent | Baltimore Share

Real Estate Sandy If you have made the decision to buy or sell a home, hiring a respected realtor can make this experience easier, less stressful, and more cost effective. Qualified real estate agents are trained to know the housing market and the real estate process to help their customers get the best price at the right time. But selecting the right realtor can be incredibly hard, as there are many realtors who might not be the right for you. During the selection process, make sure you find out what credentials they have and what processes they can use. Pay close attention to how they speak and listen to you, the upkeep of their office, and how their payment preference. By doing your research, you can find the right realtor that will keep your best interests at heart. Expert Property Management

Source: http://www.baltimorecarshare.org/?p=27041

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ICAP study finds concerningly high HIV infection rates for young black gay and bisexual men in US

Public release date: 23-Jul-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Stephanie Berger
sb2247@columbia.edu
212-305-4372
Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health

Researchers at ICAP's Harlem Prevention Center (HPC) joined the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) today to announce study results that showed disturbing rates of new HIV infections occurring among black gay and bisexual men in the U.S. (also known as men who have sex with men, or MSM), particularly young black MSM.

The HPTN 061 study showed that the overall rate of new HIV infection among black MSM in this study was 2.8% per year, a rate that is nearly 50% higher than in white MSM in the U.S. Even more alarming, HPTN 061 found that young black MSMthose 30 years of age and youngeracquired HIV infection at a rate of 5.9% per year, three times the rate among U.S. white MSM. The overall infection rate among black MSM in this U.S study is comparable to the rate seen in the general populations of countries in sub-Saharan Africa hardest hit by the HIV epidemic. HPTN 061 was a large multi-site study of HIV and black MSM conducted in six U.S. cities, and the first to determine the rate of new HIV infection among such a large prospective cohort of U.S. black MSM (referred to as HIV incidence).

"The HPTN 061 study findings are a sobering wake-up call," said Wafaa El-Sadr, MD, MPH Co-Principal Investigator for the HPTN and director of ICAP at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health. "These results, and others to be garnered from further analysis of the study, highlight the enormity of the challenges ahead and offer important insights into how to design research studies and programs for prevention of HIV among black MSM."

HPTN 061 Study enrolled a total of 1,553 men in six US cities: Atlanta, GA, Boston, MA, New York, NY, Los Angeles, CA, San Francisco, CA, and Washington, D.C. The Harlem Prevention Center, ICAP at Columbia University's clinical research site, dedicated to addressing the impact of HIV in New York City's medically underserved communities, was one of two New York City sites conducting the study. The Harlem Prevention Center enrolled 154 participants with excellent follow-up of participants for the 12 month duration of the study.

The HIV incidence results from HPTN 061, presented today at the XIX International AIDS Conference in Washington, D.C. are among the first findings to come out of the study. Other early analyses show that HIV infection in this study population was associated with very high rates of untreated sexually transmitted infections and with poverty. Of the men who indicated that they were HIV-negative or were unaware of their HIV status at the time of enrollment in the study and who agreed to have an HIV test at time of enrollment, 12% were HIV-positive. This finding suggests that not enough men in this population are receiving HIV testing. All HIV-infected study participants were referred for HIV care and treatment services. During the study, all participants were offered the chance to work with "peer health navigators" to provide support and to assist them with access to needed services. In addition, they were provided with condoms, testing and referral treatment of sexually transmitted infections, risk reduction counseling and other standard HIV prevention services.

The success of the HPTN 061 in recruiting and retaining black MSM in a year-long study, including 97% uptake of HIV testing, answered a primary objective of the study, and paves the way for the conduct of future HIV prevention research.

Sharon Mannheimer, MD, who directed the study at the Harlem Prevention Center, said, "These results are an opportunity to understand how to address critical issues in this community. It is especially important that we consider social factors that contribute to HIV risk, such as poverty and unemployment, moving forward."

While further analysis of data from the study is ongoing to assess how HIV risk among black MSM might be affected by factors such as childhood experiences, social and sexual networks, discrimination, and barriers to health care, these findings can be used to help inform decisions by local policy and public health officials when HIV prevention resources are allocated in major US cities. This study also provides support for future programs to be developed that address multi-level factors including individual, community, and structural influences that have an impact on among black MSM.

The HPTN 061 study was conducted between 2009-2011 and is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).

The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) is a worldwide collaborative clinical trials network that develops and tests the safety and efficacy of primarily non-vaccine interventions designed to prevent the acquisition and transmission of HIV. The HPTN research agenda is focused primarily on reduction of HIV transmission and acquisition through the use of ART for HIV-infected persons and ARVs as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-negative persons for HIV prevention, reducing the impact of behavioral and biologic co-factors that increase risk of infection, treatment of substance use (particularly injection drug use), behavioral risk reduction interventions, and structural interventions. The highest priority of the HPTN is to develop and implement combination prevention strategies that demonstrate a significant and measurable reduction in HIV incidence in a variety of populations and epidemic settings.

###

About ICAP

ICAP at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is a global leader in public health, with a broad portfolio of research, training, health system strengthening, and service delivery programs in the United States and around the world. Founded in 2004, ICAP is committed to addressing critical health issues and to bettering lives by improving access to high-quality, equitable, and affordable health services. Working hand-in-hand with in-country partners, ICAP has supported more than 2,000 health facilities across 21 countries. More than one million people have received HIV services through ICAP-supported programs. For more information about ICAP, visit http://www.columbia-icap.org.

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Public release date: 23-Jul-2012
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Contact: Stephanie Berger
sb2247@columbia.edu
212-305-4372
Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health

Researchers at ICAP's Harlem Prevention Center (HPC) joined the HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) today to announce study results that showed disturbing rates of new HIV infections occurring among black gay and bisexual men in the U.S. (also known as men who have sex with men, or MSM), particularly young black MSM.

The HPTN 061 study showed that the overall rate of new HIV infection among black MSM in this study was 2.8% per year, a rate that is nearly 50% higher than in white MSM in the U.S. Even more alarming, HPTN 061 found that young black MSMthose 30 years of age and youngeracquired HIV infection at a rate of 5.9% per year, three times the rate among U.S. white MSM. The overall infection rate among black MSM in this U.S study is comparable to the rate seen in the general populations of countries in sub-Saharan Africa hardest hit by the HIV epidemic. HPTN 061 was a large multi-site study of HIV and black MSM conducted in six U.S. cities, and the first to determine the rate of new HIV infection among such a large prospective cohort of U.S. black MSM (referred to as HIV incidence).

"The HPTN 061 study findings are a sobering wake-up call," said Wafaa El-Sadr, MD, MPH Co-Principal Investigator for the HPTN and director of ICAP at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health. "These results, and others to be garnered from further analysis of the study, highlight the enormity of the challenges ahead and offer important insights into how to design research studies and programs for prevention of HIV among black MSM."

HPTN 061 Study enrolled a total of 1,553 men in six US cities: Atlanta, GA, Boston, MA, New York, NY, Los Angeles, CA, San Francisco, CA, and Washington, D.C. The Harlem Prevention Center, ICAP at Columbia University's clinical research site, dedicated to addressing the impact of HIV in New York City's medically underserved communities, was one of two New York City sites conducting the study. The Harlem Prevention Center enrolled 154 participants with excellent follow-up of participants for the 12 month duration of the study.

The HIV incidence results from HPTN 061, presented today at the XIX International AIDS Conference in Washington, D.C. are among the first findings to come out of the study. Other early analyses show that HIV infection in this study population was associated with very high rates of untreated sexually transmitted infections and with poverty. Of the men who indicated that they were HIV-negative or were unaware of their HIV status at the time of enrollment in the study and who agreed to have an HIV test at time of enrollment, 12% were HIV-positive. This finding suggests that not enough men in this population are receiving HIV testing. All HIV-infected study participants were referred for HIV care and treatment services. During the study, all participants were offered the chance to work with "peer health navigators" to provide support and to assist them with access to needed services. In addition, they were provided with condoms, testing and referral treatment of sexually transmitted infections, risk reduction counseling and other standard HIV prevention services.

The success of the HPTN 061 in recruiting and retaining black MSM in a year-long study, including 97% uptake of HIV testing, answered a primary objective of the study, and paves the way for the conduct of future HIV prevention research.

Sharon Mannheimer, MD, who directed the study at the Harlem Prevention Center, said, "These results are an opportunity to understand how to address critical issues in this community. It is especially important that we consider social factors that contribute to HIV risk, such as poverty and unemployment, moving forward."

While further analysis of data from the study is ongoing to assess how HIV risk among black MSM might be affected by factors such as childhood experiences, social and sexual networks, discrimination, and barriers to health care, these findings can be used to help inform decisions by local policy and public health officials when HIV prevention resources are allocated in major US cities. This study also provides support for future programs to be developed that address multi-level factors including individual, community, and structural influences that have an impact on among black MSM.

The HPTN 061 study was conducted between 2009-2011 and is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).

The HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) is a worldwide collaborative clinical trials network that develops and tests the safety and efficacy of primarily non-vaccine interventions designed to prevent the acquisition and transmission of HIV. The HPTN research agenda is focused primarily on reduction of HIV transmission and acquisition through the use of ART for HIV-infected persons and ARVs as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV-negative persons for HIV prevention, reducing the impact of behavioral and biologic co-factors that increase risk of infection, treatment of substance use (particularly injection drug use), behavioral risk reduction interventions, and structural interventions. The highest priority of the HPTN is to develop and implement combination prevention strategies that demonstrate a significant and measurable reduction in HIV incidence in a variety of populations and epidemic settings.

###

About ICAP

ICAP at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health is a global leader in public health, with a broad portfolio of research, training, health system strengthening, and service delivery programs in the United States and around the world. Founded in 2004, ICAP is committed to addressing critical health issues and to bettering lives by improving access to high-quality, equitable, and affordable health services. Working hand-in-hand with in-country partners, ICAP has supported more than 2,000 health facilities across 21 countries. More than one million people have received HIV services through ICAP-supported programs. For more information about ICAP, visit http://www.columbia-icap.org.

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-07/cums-isf072012.php

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7th Circuit: Under ADA, disabled don't ... - Business Management Daily

Due to changes resulting from enactment of the ADA Amend??ments Act of 2008, there has been renewed attention on employers? obligations to disabled employees under the ADA.

Back in 2000, the 7th Circuit held that employers are not required to reassign disabled employees to a vacant position for which they are qualified. Although the EEOC recently challenged this position in EEOC v. United Airlines, Inc. (No. 11-1774, 7th Cir., 2012), the 7th Circuit held its ground, reaffirming its previous decision.

Priority consideration

United Airlines has a ?Reasonable Accommodation Guidelines? policy that addresses accommodating employees who, because of a disability, can no longer perform the essential functions of their current jobs. The policy states that transfer to an equivalent or lower-level vacant position may be a reasonable accommodation, but cautions that the transfer process is competitive.

As a result, United will not automatically place a disabled employee into a vacant position. Instead, the airline gives preference to those employees. That means disabled workers can submit an unlimited number of transfer applications, and they are guaranteed an interview. They receive priority consideration over similarly qualified applicants. ?

The EEOC sued United, claiming its accommodation policy violates the ADA because the law requires employers to reassign disabled employees to a vacant position for which they are qualified.

A district court dismissed the lawsuit, citing 7th Circuit precedent in EEOC v. Humiston-Keeling (227 F.3d 1024, 7th Cir., 2000), in which the federal appeals court held that a competitive transfer policy does not violate the ADA.

No reassignment required

The 7th Circuit affirmed the district court?s decision. The 7th Circuit reasoned that the Humiston-Keeling decision is directly on point.

In Humiston-Keeling, an employee injured her arm and was not able to perform her job, which required lifting. She applied for vacant clerical positions but did not receive any of them.

The EEOC sued the employer, claiming that reassignment was a form of reasonable accommodation, which required the disabled employee to be advanced over a more qualified, nondisabled person if the disabled employee was qualified to do the job and the employer did not suffer undue hardship.

The 7th Circuit rejected the EEOC?s argument, holding that an employer is not required to reassign a disabled employee to a different job if there is a better applicant, as long as the employer?s consistent and honest policy is to hire the best applicant for the job.

In the United case, the 7th Cir??cuit noted that the EEOC would have to convince it to overrule Humiston-Keeling. In order to do so, the EEOC would have to show that Humiston-Keeling was either inconsistent with a Supreme Court decision or was in??compatible with a change in the law.

Reasonable accommodation?

The EEOC argued that the Supreme Court decision, US Airways, Inc. v. Barnett (535 U.S. 391, 2002), undermined Humiston-Keeling.

In Barnett, the Supreme Court considered whether an employer with a seniority system in place was re????quired to reassign a disabled em??ployee to a position that more-senior employees were seeking. Despite its finding that the disabled employee?s request for reassignment was a reasonable accommodation under the ADA, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the employer because the violation of a seniority system posed an undue hardship.

When deciding United, the 7th Cir????cuit considered Humiston-Keeling in relation to Barnett and did not find a conflict. Accordingly, the 7th Cir??cuit?s continued reliance on Humiston-Keeling compelled the conclusion that the case remained good law and the 7th Circuit was required to follow its precedent in this case.

More judicial review to come?

Although employers may be pleased by this decision, its impact remains to be seen. The 7th Circuit acknowledged that the EEOC?s interpretation of the ADA was persuasive and strongly recommended en banc consideration of the EEOC?s arguments. (An en banc review involves all of an appeals court?s judges, not just a panel. Only the full 7th Circuit can overturn circuit precedent.)

Additionally, the U.S. Supreme Court may take up this issue sometime in the future in order to resolve the existing circuit split.

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Pet dogs are thought of to generally be man's finest pal | tarimcevap ...

Should you be thinking of performing with an animal habits expert, be certain you interview them and take a look at their status. Lots of of these professionals have diverse strategies they will use to coach a puppy. You need to know whether or not or not you consent with their procedures well before using the services of them to train your pet,dog apparel!
Operate absent from the puppy if he gets free. It is actually very easy to worry any time a dog breaks free from his leash or escapes your house or property. Resist your intuition to chase the dog. Puppies love to enjoy chase, and going after him will only really encourage him to go additional away. Rather, get your dog?s notice, after which run Away from him. This takes advantage of a similar instinctual appreciate of the chase sport towards your advantage. Rather of you chasing your pet dog,dog shoes, the sport will become to chase you. Be sure to praise him totally when he ?catches? you!
Ahead of you start instruction your dog, be certain that his eating plan would be the best it can be. Just like human beings can experience lazy just after taking in junk foods, a inadequate diet for the dog will have an impact on his conduct. A balanced reasonable diet plan will give him vitality and focus to discover what you are training him in schooling.
Foods and treats may be your ally in training your canine to seek out his crate. Permit your pet dog to locate strategically placed bits of food items and a few treats every at the time in awhile when he returns to his crate. He will help it become a behavior of examining the crate out more routinely just just in case another thing has miraculously appeared there.
Your achievement in education your canine hinges in your perception of your canine and what motivates it. You are also finding out concerning the style and tastes of your dog. Give your dog loads of beneficial reinforcement for doing a range of exercises, regardless of what your reason behind coaching him. Should you maintain him pleased and stimulated, he will not disappoint you.
Canines are thought to be to become man?s ideal close friend and aquiring a dog like a pet is established that can help entrepreneurs be joyful and are living for a longer time. Moreover to companionship, puppies can establish useful, but provided that these are trained appropriately. No matter if you should teach a puppy just for obedience or for your specific function, read on for some strategies.
As was alluded to before, pet dogs are wonderful companions, either as easy pets or for precise utilizes. Since you have got read this posting, you recognize some things about teaching your canine to perform the stuff you want but not other things you don?t. Maintain these tips in mind and make your pet connection a contented one.
In no way use human shampoo on the canine. Although it could be tempting to acquire your pet smelling like your preferred shampoo, most hair products and solutions for human beings are significantly way too severe for the dog?s vulnerable skin. If you are in a very pinch and should utilize a human shampoo, try out to implement one particular formulated to become mild enough for just a newborn.
When training your pet the way to wander on a leash, hold your floor if he makes an attempt to drag you. Plant your toes and do not budge until eventually the pet dog stops pulling. Your dog will know that he will get nowhere by pulling. When you are able to get him to stroll beside you,dog clothes, enhance the behavior with treats.
When schooling your dog, get it done in short periods, a maximum of fifteen to 20 minutes each individual session. This retains your pet dog from getting to be bored and tired of the schooling. Much more importantly, it guarantees that your concentration is completely on training, and that is important to making sure your dog?s achievement.
If you?d like to get a perfectly behaved canine, make sure that you are filling their most basic wants. They should have drinking water, foods, shelter and appreciate. These are typically critical with a pleased and balanced pet,dog clothing, and only then will they want to or contain the strength to permit you convey to them what to do.dog shoes

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The Board Meeting had come to an end. Bob starred to stand up and jostled the table, spilling his coffee over his notes. ?How embarrassing. I am getting so clumsy in my old age.? Everyone had a good laugh, and soon we were all telling stories of our

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Kayak And Palo Alto IPOs Looking Better Than Facebook?s (Whew!)

Happy IPO Friday! Two tech startups are making their public debuts today: Palo Alto Networks and Kayak Software, and so far, so good on both. Morgan Stanley, scapegoat for the troubled Facebook IPO brouhaha, is leading both, for what it's worth. Kayak priced its IPO last night at $26 per share, and is looking to raise $91?million?at a valuation of $1 billion. Originally, the travel company was looking at shares priced between $22 and $25. Palo Alto, meanwhile, offered 6.2 million shares at $42 each, after raising the price range from $38-$40 last week, which was up from $34-$37, originally. Both are now trading up.

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Feedback: The snorkel, demystified

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Israel Top Military Doctor: Bulgarians Saved Israeli Lives

Israel's chief of the military Medical Corps Gen. Itzik Kryce has praised the work of Bulgarian medics in saving the lives of those who were injured in the grave terrorist attack in Burgas.

"The condition of wounded Israelis is better than what we expected," stated Gen. Kryce at the Ben Gurion airport, where the first plane with wounded Israelis arrived.

"Bulgarians have taken care of them well. I can even say they saved their lives," added Israel's chief military doctor.

Wednesday afternoon a bomb exploded in a bus with Israeli tourists in Burgas, killing 7, sending 32 gravely wounded to hospital, and leaving about 70 further Israeli tourists to be treated at the airport.

Source: http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=141466

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Gain Thousands of Twitter Followers by Live Tweeting Case Study: Jef

2012 July 19?|?admin

This is a case study of how we ran live tweets to gain new twitter followers for Jef Holm and People Water. This is part 1 of the study on what we tweeted about for 2 hours to gain 22,500 new followers for free on twitter. Below we put together a video of real examples on how we grew both of their twitter accounts before and after the live tweets you will see the difference.?

Watch this video to show real examples of how we grew Jef Holm's personal Twitter account as well as People Water's business Twitter account. Invest your time to gain real followers that are in your niche market.?

If you have any questions about Live Tweets, Hashtags, Twitter, or Social Media in general please feel free to email us at info(at)micromediamarketing.com.?

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Source: http://micromediamarketing.com/live-tweets-case-study-for-people-water-and-jef-holm-part/

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Writing and Speaking: Screenplay Analysis - Browningcolby 81's blog

Screenplay analysis is essential to writing a high-quality screenplay. Submitting a screenplay that requires heavy rewriting is a waste of time. 90 percent of all scripts fail to be read from beginning to end because they contain defects and are deemed unusable. Instead of having you work rejected, make sure to analyze it to ensure that it is flawless. Having your screenplay critically analyzed by another writer will provide further insight about how it can be improved. You can then proceed to make the necessary changes based on the screenplay analysis.
Valuable feedback from professionals will help you improve the quality of your script and provide a form of coaching for future writing efforts. Screenplay analysis is a great tool for writers who sincerely want to better themselves and climb up the ladder of success. Whatever your method of trying to wriggle your way to the top, you must first polish your writing skills and read and write critically. Once you agree that a screenplay analysis will help, try to find someone else who is qualified to analyze your screenplay. The analyst should have the following traits:
? On-time delivery
? Reasonable rates
? Experience with your genre
? Provide constructive criticism
Through screenplay analysis, screenwriters gain pertinent opinions and comments to help them rewrite the screenplay better. It is always a good idea to have a few people read your script and provide feedback and constructive criticism. The analyst should read the script and consider at least the following areas:
1. Characterization - Examine how powerfully the characters are and the ways they develop within the screenplay.
2. Structure - The script should have a well-defined structure with a beginning, middle and end. The transitions should occur at the right moments as defined by long-established screenplay structure.
3. Dialogue - The analyzer should note mundane dialogue, dialogue that serves only to inform the reader about things the characters already know, and dialogue that is empty.
You can conduct an analysis for your own screenplay. This is a good start, but it is always a good idea to have someone else analyze it as well. They will notice things you had overlooked. Analyzing another writer's screenplay can also help your own writing because it forces you to think critically. If you know other screenwriters, consider exchanging screenplays with one another. They can provide you with feedback and you can provide them feedback and analysis. If such an arrangement is not possible, consider hiring a professional screenwriter for hire to provide feedback.

Source: http://writing-asadeszw.blogspot.com/2012/07/screenplay-analysis.html

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5 Tips And Three Stages Of A Relationship | MEET WOMAN | HOW ...

Meet women-> A tolerant means to pickup a lady is to cause them to be attracted to you

When you enter into a relationship, it will be good for you to be honest. Being yourself will make your partner understand you for whom you are. Expressing love should be a daily commitment for couples.

True love is something that isn?t bought but is an inner expression through feelings. When there?s love, the couples won?t abuse each other. Instead they will be working together towards achieving a common goal. You won?t find yourself asking questions such as: why do women cheat on men? Below are five tips on how you can build your relationship strong.

1.) Trust builds a strong relationship. Without it there is no relationship. Trust one another and your relationship will remain to be stable.

2.) You need to spend quality time together. Spending quality time with the special one in your life is how you will come to understand one another better. This will make the two of you to appreciate one another and learn many things from each other.

3.) Always communicate with your partners. Unless you communicate with him or her you will not come to know what she/he is thinking. Absence of communication between partners has destroyed many relationships. Always communicate with your partner to strengthen your relationship.

You need to also hear your companion whenever he/she is communicating to you. Not listening to what your companion is saying will make him/her feel ignored and not worthy. Listening shows your companion how caring you are towards him/her.

4.) Learn to forgive your partner. Realize that your partner can?t be perfect. He/she makes mistakes as a human being. But this doesn?t suggest that you keep on forgiving your partner for similar mistakes over and over again. Once you forgive your partner, he/she should not repeat the same mistake.

5.) A disagreement is never resolved by fighting. When you do not agree with your partner there are other ways such as holding a dialogue with your partner in order to solve a disagreement apart from fighting.

Three Stages of a Relationship

The first stage is where partners come together because both felt they were not complete. in the past years, ladies relied on men to provide for them. Men on the other hand were breadwinners. Women had the role of being housewives only. Women hardly participated in politics and economic activities because these two activities were not only dominated by men but they were also reserved for men. Due to this, women and men required each other so as to feel complete.

The second stage is where partners share equal responsibilities. In this stage of a relationship, partners who are dependent come together to share responsibilities. They split the household chores, financial and childrearing responsibilities among themselves.

The second stage isn?t the same as the first stage of the relationship where women depended on men to provide for them. The second stage is where women discovered that they have equal rights (feminism) to participate in economic as well as political activities in order to empower themselves.

The third stage is where partners come together for the purposes of intimate communion. In this stage both of the partners in the relationship express their deep love for each other. They fully commit to each other.

Charles Nikenya, is the head of team Nikenya. Visit their site for lots of crucial information, including family reunion planning software.

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STMicro surge protection devices qualified to automotive standards ...

You are here: Home / News / STMicro surge protection devices qualified to automotive standards

?

STMicroelectronics (ST) is offering what the firm says are the first surge protection devices certified to the automotive industry?s preferred specifications. By saving the time otherwise needed for independent certification, ST?s SM4TY-SM30TY Transil series of miniature surge-protection devices can help vehicle electronics manufacturers deliver safer, more reliable systems more quickly and at more competitive prices.

The new transient voltage suppressors (TVS) are certified to pulse specifications used by the automotive industry. They are also qualified to the AEC-Q101 automotive reliability test standard for discrete semiconductors, and have a full Automotive-Grade Approval Certificate (AGAC). Designers can save the time they spend researching for equivalence between industrial and automotive standards, and then re-certifying each new subsystem design independently. As a result, according to ST, new innovations are able to reach the market quickly and cost efficiently.

Surge protection prevents unwanted voltage pulses in the vehicle wiring from damaging sensitive subsystems such as safety systems, control modules and infotainment equipment. Pulses can be caused by events such as electrostatic discharges (ESD) from occupants, turn-on/off of subsystems such as motor drives or climate control, or load dumps when a significant load such as the battery is suddenly disconnected. Historically, designers have chosen from devices certified to industrial standards that specify pulse shapes unrepresentative of those expected in road vehicles.

Devices in ST?s SM4TY-SM30TY series are housed in miniature surface-mount power packages occupying from 12.8mm2 to 46mm2 of pc-board space, capable of handling from 400W to 3000W of power contained in pulses and ESD transients present on the vehicle wiring.

ST?s automotive Transil protection devices are:

????????????? Tested and certified using ISO 7637 specifications for electrical transients

????????????? Tested and certified using ISO 10605 specifications for ESD strike

????????????? AEC-Q101 certified

????????????? Available in unidirectional or bidirectional configuration

????????????? SM4TY: SMA package, 2.55 x 5.05 mm, 400 W

????????????? SMA6TY: SMA package, 2.55 x 5.05 mm, 600 W

????????????? SM6TY: SMB package, 3.60 x 5.35 mm, 600 W

????????????? SM15TY: SMC package, 5.90 x 7.95 mm, 1500 W

????????????? SM30TY: SMC package, 5.90 x 7.95 mm, 3000 W

ST automotive-(AGAC) Transil protection devices are in mass production now, in SMA, SMB or SMC surface-mount packages, at prices ranging from $0.118 to $0.528 for unidirectional devices or $0.129 to $0.558 for bidirectional devices. Alternative pricing options for large quantities may be available on request.

Other posts you may be interested in reading:

1. Floating surge stopper provides unlimited overvoltage protection
2. Maxim MAX16914/15 automotive protection devices offer minimal forward-voltage drop
3. Protecting automotive power rails against overvoltage and reverse polarity battery hazards

Source: http://johndayautomotivelectronics.com/?p=11051

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Digital Technology for Arts and Humanities

Digital Technology for Arts and Humanities

Half a century into the digital era, the profound impact of information technology on intellectual and cultural life is universally acknowledged but still poorly understood. The sheer complexity of the technology coupled with the rapid pace of change makes it increasingly difficult to establish common ground and to promote thoughtful discussion. Responding to this challenge, Switching Codes brings together leading American and European scholars, scientists, and artists?including Charles Bernstein, Ian Foster, Bruno Latour, Alan Liu, and Richard Powers?to consider how the precipitous growth of digital information and its associated technologies are transforming the ways we think and act. Employing a wide range of forms, including essay, dialogue, short fiction, and game design, this book aims to model and foster discussion between IT specialists, who typically have scant training in the humanities or traditional arts, and scholars and artists, who often understand little about the technologies that are so radically transforming their fields. Switching Codes will be an indispensable volume for anyone seeking to understand the impact of digital technology on contemporary culture, including scientists, educators, policymakers, and artists, alike.

The?humanities?are?academic disciplines?that study the?human condition, using methods that are primarily?analytical,?critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly?empirical?approaches of the?natural sciences.

The humanities include?ancient and modern languages, ?literature,?history,?philosophy,?religion, and?visual?and?performing arts?such as music?and?theatre. Other humanities include?social sciences,?history, sometimes described as "humanists".?However, that term also describes the philosophical position of?humanism, which some "anti humanist" scholars in the humanities reject. Some?secondary schools?offer humanities classes, usually consisting of?English?literature, global studies, and?art.

Nowadays people just can?t stop themselves to use computer which is a very good thing to start their day. Word processing application used for document typing and Photoshop application for creating graphics. ?Digital humanities' is using digital data to make art, playful objects and text, all sorts of things that shape our culture, who we are and our ways of interacting and communicating with each other, Social science, film studies and communication are all subjects housed under the digital umbrella, according to Evens, who has worked at numerous universities teaching music studies, philosophy, literature, writing and media studies. The free online game, "The Adventures of Josie True," is geared toward teaching math and science to girls? age?s nine to 11.

Digital technology and Humanities and arts are being married together to create an avenue for interactive learning that can be consider as one the best things so far to offer and teach humanities and arts without sacrificing the fun that they could get from learning. A think tank for the digital, Tilt factor focuses on producing fun, non-profit and socially activist games that distort distinctions between art and science.

Technology could be used to innovate the way of learning Humanities and arts that is very popular nowadays with the use of the latest technology, Humanities for example married with technology would be appreciated by kids which seems to be fun and interactive to know that learning is not just about reading but also it is all about comprehension, and playful way of creativity that can be discover along the way of this newly invented way of learning and teaching.? Though technology brought us people something useful in hand we thus not forget that in each era obsolete once are still there to be a reference for guidance and ease that the technology can?t provide.

References:

"Humanist" Oxford English Dictionary.?http://oed.com/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/89273

Robertson, Geoffrey?(2006).?Crimes Against Humanity. Penguin. pp.?90.?ISBN?978-0-14-102463-9.

Hart, H.L.A.?(1961).?The Concept of Law. Oxford University Press.?ISBN?0-19-876122-8.

?Dworkin, Ronald?(1986).?Law's Empire. Harvard University Press.?ISBN?0-674-51836-5.

?Raz, Joseph?(1979).?The Authority of Law. Oxford University Press.?ISBN?0-19-956268-7.

Austin, John?(1831).?The Providence of Jurisprudence Determined.

Thomas Nagel (1987).?What Does It All Mean? A Very Short Introduction to Philosophy. Oxford University Press, pp. 4-5.

?Kant, Immanuel (1785).?Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, the first line.

Turney, Jon (2003-09-06).?"Does time fly?".?The Guardian?(London). Retrieved 2008-05-01.

"Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Darwin, Freud, Einstein, Dada". Www.fordham.edu. Retrieved 2008-05-01.

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